diff --git a/app/play/page.tsx b/app/play/page.tsx
index 22afe18..f3d11f1 100644
--- a/app/play/page.tsx
+++ b/app/play/page.tsx
@@ -372,9 +372,10 @@ function prefetchScenePath(
 
   const specSession = buildSpeculativeSession(baseSession, steps);
   const abort = new AbortController();
+  const prefetchT0 = Date.now();
   const promise = (async () => {
     const data = await requestScene({ session: specSession, clientTts });
-    if (abort.signal.aborted) throw new Error("aborted");
+    if (abort.signal.aborted) throw new DOMException("aborted", "AbortError");
 
     // Record this resolved alternate for the gallery export. Key is
     // (parent scene id at the choice point) : (choice id). Includes the
@@ -430,7 +431,20 @@ function prefetchScenePath(
     return data;
   })();
 
-  promise.catch(() => {});
+  promise.catch((e) => {
+    if ((e as { name?: string }).name === "AbortError") return;
+    const { kind, http_status } = classifyError(e);
+    track("play_error", {
+      source: "prefetch" as const,
+      kind,
+      http_status,
+      orientation: baseSession.orientation ?? "landscape",
+      connection: getConnectionType(),
+      was_hidden: typeof document !== "undefined" && document.visibilityState === "hidden",
+      scene_index: baseSession.history.length,
+      elapsed_bucket: elapsedBucket(prefetchT0),
+    });
+  });
   pool.set(key, { promise, abort });
 }
 
@@ -496,6 +510,51 @@ async function resolveByoVoice(
   }
 }
 
+// ── Error observability helpers ────────────────────────────────────────
+
+type ErrorSource = "scene" | "start" | "vision" | "insert_beat" | "freeform" | "prefetch";
+
+function classifyError(
+  e: unknown,
+  res?: Response,
+): { kind: "network" | "timeout" | "http_5xx" | "http_4xx" | "abort" | "unknown"; http_status: number } {
+  if (res) {
+    const s = res.status;
+    if (s >= 500) return { kind: "http_5xx", http_status: s };
+    if (s >= 400) return { kind: "http_4xx", http_status: s };
+  }
+  if (e instanceof Error) {
+    if (e.name === "AbortError") return { kind: "abort", http_status: 0 };
+    if (e instanceof TypeError && /fetch|network/i.test(e.message))
+      return { kind: "network", http_status: 0 };
+    if (/timeout/i.test(e.message)) return { kind: "timeout", http_status: 0 };
+    const httpMatch = e.message.match(/^HTTP (\d+)$/);
+    if (httpMatch) {
+      const s = Number(httpMatch[1]);
+      if (s >= 500) return { kind: "http_5xx", http_status: s };
+      if (s >= 400) return { kind: "http_4xx", http_status: s };
+    }
+  }
+  return { kind: "unknown", http_status: 0 };
+}
+
+function elapsedBucket(startMs: number): "<5s" | "5-30s" | "30-60s" | "60-120s" | "120s+" {
+  const s = (Date.now() - startMs) / 1000;
+  if (s < 5) return "<5s";
+  if (s < 30) return "5-30s";
+  if (s < 60) return "30-60s";
+  if (s < 120) return "60-120s";
+  return "120s+";
+}
+
+function getConnectionType(): "4g" | "3g" | "2g" | "slow-2g" | "unknown" {
+  const nav = typeof navigator !== "undefined" ? navigator : undefined;
+  const conn = (nav as { connection?: { effectiveType?: string } } | undefined)?.connection;
+  const et = conn?.effectiveType;
+  if (et === "4g" || et === "3g" || et === "2g" || et === "slow-2g") return et;
+  return "unknown";
+}
+
 // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 //  Component
 // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -566,6 +625,7 @@ function PlayInner() {
   // 首页「语音配音 关闭」会把 muted 初值置为 true（见上方 useState 初始化），
   // 不再单独维护 audioEnabledRef —— 单一来源避免两个 flag 漂移。
   const mutedRef = useRef<boolean>(muted);
+  const phaseRef = useRef<Phase>(phase);
 
   // Resolved bring-your-own Xiaomi TTS config (region preset + key), read once
   // from localStorage. When non-null, the browser provisions + synths voices
@@ -647,10 +707,27 @@ function PlayInner() {
   useEffect(() => {
     mutedRef.current = muted;
   }, [muted]);
+  useEffect(() => {
+    phaseRef.current = phase;
+  }, [phase]);
   useEffect(() => {
     setVisionClickEnabled(readStoredVisionClick());
   }, []);
 
+  function trackPlayError(source: ErrorSource, e: unknown, startMs: number, res?: Response) {
+    const { kind, http_status } = classifyError(e, res);
+    track("play_error", {
+      source,
+      kind,
+      http_status,
+      orientation,
+      connection: getConnectionType(),
+      was_hidden: document.visibilityState === "hidden",
+      scene_index: session?.history.length ?? 0,
+      elapsed_bucket: elapsedBucket(startMs),
+    });
+  }
+
   // Coarse liveness ping for active-time analytics. /play is a single SPA
   // route, so page views alone read as ~0 duration; a 30s heartbeat (only
   // while the tab is visible) gives Umami the timestamps to derive real
@@ -666,6 +743,20 @@ function PlayInner() {
     return () => window.clearInterval(id);
   }, []);
 
+  useEffect(() => {
+    function onVisChange() {
+      if (document.visibilityState === "hidden") {
+        const p = phaseRef.current;
+        track("play_visibility_lost", {
+          phase: p,
+          had_pending_fetch: p !== "ready",
+        });
+      }
+    }
+    document.addEventListener("visibilitychange", onVisChange);
+    return () => document.removeEventListener("visibilitychange", onVisChange);
+  }, []);
+
   // Whenever currentBeatId changes, append it to visited (skip consecutive dups)
   useEffect(() => {
     if (!currentBeatId) return;
@@ -1186,6 +1277,7 @@ function PlayInner() {
 
     if (isShare) {
       (async () => {
+        const t0 = Date.now();
         try {
           const raw = sessionStorage.getItem(STORY_SHARE_STORAGE_KEY);
           if (!raw) throw new Error("没有找到要载入的剧情文件。");
@@ -1244,6 +1336,7 @@ function PlayInner() {
           setPhase("ready");
           track("scene_reached", { scene_index: 1 });
         } catch (e) {
+          trackPlayError("start", e, t0);
           setError(e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e));
         }
       })();
@@ -1314,6 +1407,7 @@ function PlayInner() {
       ? "firstact-portrait"
       : "firstact";
 
+    const startT0 = Date.now();
     const fetchStart: Promise<PrebakedFirstAct> = cardName
       ? fetch(`/home/${firstactDir}/${encodeURIComponent(cardName)}.json`).then(
           async (r) => {
@@ -1381,7 +1475,10 @@ function PlayInner() {
         setPhase("ready");
         track("scene_reached", { scene_index: initial.history.length });
       })
-      .catch((e) => setError(String(e)));
+      .catch((e) => {
+        trackPlayError("start", e, startT0);
+        setError(String(e));
+      });
   }, [params, router]);
 
   // ── Prefetch on scene entry: L1 + recursive L2/L3 for must-pass ──────
@@ -1450,6 +1547,7 @@ function PlayInner() {
     visitedForCurrent: string[],
     exitLabel: string,
   ) {
+    const sceneT0 = Date.now();
     setPhase("transitioning");
     setPendingClick(null);
     try {
@@ -1507,6 +1605,7 @@ function PlayInner() {
         setPhase("ready");
         return;
       }
+      trackPlayError("scene", e, sceneT0);
       setError(String(e));
       setPhase("ready");
     }
@@ -1536,6 +1635,7 @@ function PlayInner() {
     }
 
     void (async () => {
+      const replayT0 = Date.now();
       setPhase("transitioning");
       setPendingClick(null);
       try {
@@ -1582,6 +1682,7 @@ function PlayInner() {
         setPhase("ready");
         track("scene_reached", { scene_index: nextSession.history.length });
       } catch (e) {
+        trackPlayError("scene", e, replayT0);
         setError(e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e));
         setPhase("ready");
       }
@@ -1734,6 +1835,7 @@ function PlayInner() {
       text_length: text.length,
     });
 
+    const freeformT0 = Date.now();
     setPhase("vision-thinking");
 
     try {
@@ -1822,6 +1924,7 @@ function PlayInner() {
       setPendingClick(null);
       void performSceneTransition(promise, exit, visited, decision.freeformAction);
     } catch (e) {
+      trackPlayError("freeform", e, freeformT0);
       setError(String(e));
       setPhase("ready");
     }
@@ -1830,6 +1933,7 @@ function PlayInner() {
   async function onBackgroundClick(click: { x: number; y: number }) {
     if (phase !== "ready" || !session || !currentScene || !imageUrl) return;
     if (replayActiveRef.current) detachRecordedReplay();
+    const visionT0 = Date.now();
     setPhase("vision-thinking");
     setPendingClick(click);
 
@@ -1927,6 +2031,7 @@ function PlayInner() {
         );
       }
     } catch (e) {
+      trackPlayError("vision", e, visionT0);
       setError(String(e));
       setPendingClick(null);
       setPhase("ready");
diff --git a/lib/analytics.ts b/lib/analytics.ts
index fb89fb3..e527aa0 100644
--- a/lib/analytics.ts
+++ b/lib/analytics.ts
@@ -54,6 +54,20 @@ type AnalyticsEventData = {
   fullscreen_toggle: { on: boolean };
   play_heartbeat: never;
   gallery_export: { scene_count: number; audio_count: number };
+  play_error: {
+    source: "scene" | "start" | "vision" | "insert_beat" | "freeform" | "prefetch";
+    kind: "network" | "timeout" | "http_5xx" | "http_4xx" | "abort" | "unknown";
+    http_status: number;
+    orientation: "portrait" | "landscape";
+    connection: "4g" | "3g" | "2g" | "slow-2g" | "unknown";
+    was_hidden: boolean;
+    scene_index: number;
+    elapsed_bucket: "<5s" | "5-30s" | "30-60s" | "60-120s" | "120s+";
+  };
+  play_visibility_lost: {
+    phase: "loading-first" | "ready" | "transitioning" | "vision-thinking" | "inserting-beat";
+    had_pending_fetch: boolean;
+  };
 };
 
 export type AnalyticsEvent = keyof AnalyticsEventData;